---GNU Licenses---
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright©1989,1991 Free Software Foundation,Inc.
675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software --- to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.)You can apply it to your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software(and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".)Each licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program(independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty(or else, saying that you provide a warranty)and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program(or with a work based on the Program)on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program(or a work based on it, under Section 2)in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed(in either source or binary form)with the major components(compiler, kernel, and so on)of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program(or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program(or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason(not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you(whether by court order, agreement or otherwise)that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM(INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright ©<year> <name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANT‐ABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type 'show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions;type 'show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands show w and show c should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than show w and show c; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer(if you work as a programmer)or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program 'Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License.
Version 2, June 1991 Copyright (c) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. [This is the first released version of the library GPL. It is numbered 2 because it goes with version 2 of the ordinary GPL.] Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software---to make sure the software is free for all its users.
This license, the Library General Public License, applies to some specially designated Free Software Foundation software, and to any other libraries whose authors decide to use it. You can use it for your libraries, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software(and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the library, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. If you link a program with the library, you must provide complete object files to the recipients so that they can relink them with the library, after making changes to the library and recompiling it. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
Our method of protecting your rights has two steps: (1) copyright the library, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.
Also, for each distributor's protection, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free library. If the library is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original version, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that companies distributing free software will individually obtain patent licenses, thus in effect transforming the program into proprietary software. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the ordinary GNU General Public License, which was designed for utility programs. This license, the GNU Library General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries. This license is quite different from the ordinary one; be sure to read it in full, and don't assume that anything in it is the same as in the ordinary license.
The reason we have a separate public license for some libraries is that they blur the distinction we usually make between modifying or adding to a program and simply using it. Linking a program with a library, without changing the library, is in some sense simply using the library, and is analogous to running a utility program or application program. However, in a textual and legal sense, the linked executable is a combined work, a derivative of the original library, and the ordinary General Public License treats it as such.
Because of this blurred distinction, using the ordinary General Public License for libraries did not effectively promote software sharing, because most developers did not use the libraries. We concluded that weaker conditions might promote sharing better.
However, unrestricted linking of non-free programs would deprive the users of those programs of all benefit from the free status of the libraries themselves. This Library General Public License is intended to permit developers of non-free programs to use free libraries, while preserving your freedom as a user of such programs to change the free libraries that are incorporated in them. (We have not seen how to achieve this as regards changes in header files, but we have achieved it as regards changes in the actual functions of the Library.)The hope is that this will lead to faster development of free libraries.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a "work based on the library" and a "work that uses the library". The former contains code derived from the library, while the latter only works together with the library.
Note that it is possible for a library to be covered by the ordinary General Public License rather than by this special one.
GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License Agreement applies to any software library which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or other authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of this Library General Public License(also called "this License"). Each licensee is addressed as "you".
A "library" means a collection of software functions and/or data prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs(which use some of those functions and data)to form executables.
The "Library", below, refers to any such software library or work which has been distributed under these terms. A "work based on the Library" means either the Library or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated straightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".)
"Source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the library.
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from such a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Library(independent of the use of the Library in a tool for writing it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does and what the program that uses the Library does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's complete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the Library.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
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It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.
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NO WARRANTY
15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE LIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE LIBRARY(INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries
If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that everyone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting redistribution under these terms(or, alternatively, under the terms of the ordinary General Public License).
To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.> Copyright (c) <year> <name of author>
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
You should also get your employer(if you work as a programmer)or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
That's all there is to it!
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the library 'Frob'(a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon> , 1 April 1990 Ty Coon, President of Vice
和文文書についての注意
GNU General Public License は英文文書を正式文書とする。以下の和文文書は弁護士の意見を採り入れて、できるだけ正確に英文文書を翻訳したものであるが、法律的にはなんの効力も持たない。
和文文書自体の再配布に関して
いかなる媒体でも次の条件が全て満たされている場合に限り、本和文文書をそのまま複写し配布することを許可する。また、あなたは第三者に対して本許可告知と同一の許可を与える場合に限り、当該第三者に対して再配布することを許可する。
* 受領、配布されたコピーに著作権表示及び本許諾告知が前もって載せられていること。
* コピーの受領者がさらに再配布する場合、その再配布者が本告知と同じ許可を与えていること。
* 和文文書の本文を変更しないこと。
…GNU 一般公有使用許諾書の原文は 1992 年時点ではバージョン 2 になっている。本和訳はバージョン 1 のものであり、参考までに載せた。
1989 年 2 月、バージョン 1
Copyright (c) 1989 Free Software Foundation,Inc. 675 Mass Ave,Cambridge,MA 02139,U.S.A.
何人も、以下の内容を変更しないでそのまま複写する場合に限り、本使用許
諾書を複製したり頒布することができます。
はじめに
ソフトウェア会社の使用許諾契約書は、多くの場合、その企業の意のままにユーザを縛ろうとしています。それに対して我々の一般公有使用許諾は、フリー・ソフトウェアを共有したり変更する自由をユーザに保証するためのもの、即ちフリー・ソフトウェアがそのユーザ全てにとってフリーであることを保証するためのものです。本使用許諾は、Free Software Foundation のソフトウェアに適用されるだけでなく、プログラムの作成者が本使用許諾に依るとした場合のそのプログラムにも適用することができます。また、ユーザのプログラムのためにも利用することができます。
我々がフリー・ソフトウェアについて言う場合は自由のことに言及しているのであって、価格のことではありません。特に、一般公有使用許諾の各条項は、次の事柄を確実に実現することを目的として立案されています。
* フリー・ソフトウェアの複製物を自由に頒布したり販売できること。
* 希望しさえすればソース・コードを現実に入手できるか、あるいはその入手が可能であること。
* 入手したソフトウェアを変更したり、新しいフリー・プログラムの一部として使用できること。
* 以上の各内容を行なうことができるということをユーザ自身が知っていること。
このようなユーザの権利を守るために、我々は、何人もこれらの権利を否定したり、あるいは放棄するようにユーザに求めることはできないという制限条項を設ける必要があります。これらの制限条項は、ユーザが、フリー・ソフトウェアの複製物を頒布したり変更しようとする場合には、そのユーザ自身が守るべき義務ともなります。
例えば、あなたがフリー・ソフトウェアの複製物を頒布する場合、有償か無償かにかかわらず、あなたは自分の持っている権利を全て相手に与えなければなりません。あなたは、相手もまたソース・コードを受け取ったり入手できるということを認めなければなりません。さらにあなたは、相手がそれらの権利を持っているということを、その相手に知らせなければなりません。
我々は次の 2 つの方法でユーザの権利を守ります。(1) ソフトウェアに著作権を主張し、(2) 本使用許諾の条項の下でソフトウェアを複製・頒布・変更する権利をユーザに与えます。
また、各作成者や我々自身を守るために、本フリー・ソフトウェアが無保証であることを全ての人々が了解している必要があります。更に、ほかの誰かによって変更されたソフトウェアが頒布された場合、受領者はそのソフトウェアがオリジナル・バージョンではないということを知らされる必要があります。それは、他人の関与によって原開発者に対する評価が影響されないようにするためです。
複製・頒布・変更に対する正確な条項と条件を次に示します。
GNU 一般公有使用許諾の下での複製、頒布、変更に関する条項と条件
【1】本使用許諾は、本一般公有使用許諾の各条項に従って頒布されるという著作権者からの告知文が表示されているプログラムやその他の作成物に適用されます。以下において「プログラム」とは、そのようなプログラムや作成物を指すものとし、また「プログラム作成物」とは、上述した「プログラム」自身、及びその「プログラム」の全部または一部を、そのまままたは変更して内部に組み込んだ作成物を意味するものとします。本使用許諾によって許諾を受ける者を「あなた」と呼びます。
【2】「あなた」は、どのような媒体上へ複製しようとする場合であっても、入手した「プログラム」のソース・コードをそのままの内容で複写した上で適正な著作権表示と保証の放棄とを明確、且つ適正に付記する場合に限り、複製または頒布することができます。その場合、本一般公有使用許諾及び無保証に関する記載部分は、全て元のままの形で表示してください。また、「プログラム」の頒布先に対しては、「プログラム」と共に本一般公有使用許諾書のコピーを渡してください。複製物を引き渡す際の実費は請求することができます。
【3】次の各条件を満たしている限り、「あなた」は、「プログラム」またはその一部分を変更することができます。更に、上記第 2 項を満たせば、その変更版を複製したり頒布することもできます。
* ファイルを変更した旨とその変更日とを、変更したファイル上に明確に表示すること。
* 変更したか否かを問わず、凡そ「プログラム」またはその一部分を内部に組み込んでいる作成物を頒布する場合には、本一般公有使用許諾の条項に従って無償で使用許諾すること。但し、頒布先の全てまたはその一部の者に対して、「あなた」が独自に保証することは構いません。
* 変更したプログラムが実行時に通常の対話的な方法でコマンドを読むようになっているとすれば、最も単純、且つ普通の方法で対話的にそのプログラムを実行する時に、次の内容を示す文言がプリント・アウトされるか、或いは画面に表示されること。
適切な著作権表示。
無保証であること (「あなた」が独自に保証する場合は、その旨)。
頒布を受ける者も、本一般公有使用許諾と同一の条項に従ってそのプログラムを再頒布できること。
頒布を受ける者が本一般公有使用許諾書の写しを閲覧する方法。
複製物の譲渡に要する実費は請求できること。また、「あなた」独自の保証を行なう場合はそれを有償とすることができること。
本「プログラム」(または、その派生物) とほかの別個のプログラムとを、保管や頒布のために同一の媒体上にまとめて記録したとしても、本使用許諾の条項はほかの別個のプログラムには適用されません。
【4】「あなた」は、以下のうちいずれか 1 つを満たす限り、上記第 2 項及び第 3 項に従って「プログラム」(または、上記の条項 3 のもとでその一部分あるいはその派生物) をオブジェクト・コードまたは実行可能な形式で複製及び頒布することができます。
* 対応する機械読み取り可能なソース・コード一式を一緒に引き渡すこと。その場合、そのソース・コードの引き渡しは上記第 2 項及び第 3 項に従って行なわれること。
* 少なくとも 3 年間の有効期間を定め、且つその期間内であれば対応する機械読み取り可能なソース・コード一式を無償で (ただし、少額の頒布実費は請求できる) 提供する旨、及びその場合には上記第 2 項及び第 3 項に従って提供される旨を記載した書面を、一緒に引き渡すこと。
* 対応するソース・コードを入手できる所について、「あなた」が得た情報を提供すること (この選択肢は、営利を目的としない頒布であって、且つ「あなた」がオブジェクト・コードあるいは実行可能形式のプログラムしか入手していない場合にのみ適用される選択項目です)。
上記においてソース・コードとは、変更作業に適した記述形式を指します。また、実行可能形式のファイルに対応するソース・コード一式とは、それに含まれる全モジュールに対応する全てのソース・コードを指しますが、例外として、実行可能なファイルが動作するオペレーティング・システムに付随する標準ライブラリのモジュールのソース・コードやそのオペレーティング・システムに付随する定義ファイルのソース・コードを含ませる必要はありません。
【5】本一般公有使用許諾が明示的に許諾している場合を除き、「あなた」は、「プログラム」を複製、変更、サブライセンス、頒布、譲渡することができません。本使用許諾に従わずに「プログラム」を複製、変更、サブライセンス、頒布、譲渡しようとする行為は、それ自体が無効であり、且つ、本使用許諾が「あなた」に許諾している「プログラム」の使用権限を自動的に消滅させます。その場合、本使用許諾に従って「あなた」から複製物やその使用許諾を得ている第三者は、本使用許諾に完全に従っている限り、引き続き有効な使用権限を持つものとします。
【6】「あなた」が「プログラム」(あるいはその「プログラム生成物」) の複製、頒布、変更を行なえば、それ自体で、それらの各行為を行なう権利と、本使用許諾が定める全ての条項に従うことを、「あなた」が受け入れたものとみなします。
【7】「あなた」が「プログラム」(あるいはその「プログラム生成物」) を再頒布すると自動的に、その受領者は、元の使用許諾者から、本使用許諾の条項に従って「プログラム」を複製、頒布、変更することを内容とする使用許諾を受けたものとします。「あなた」は、受領者に許諾された権利の行使について、更に制約を加えることはできません。
【8】Free Software Foundation は随時、一般公有使用許諾の改訂版、または新版を公表することがあります。そのような新しいバージョンは、現行のバージョンと基本的に変わるところはありませんが、新しい問題や懸案事項に対応するために細部では異なるかもしれません。
各バージョンは、バージョン番号によって区別します。「プログラム」中に使用許諾のバージョン番号の指定がある場合は、その指定されたバージョンか、またはその後に Free Software Foundation から公表されているいずれかのバージョンから 1 つを選択して、その条項と条件に従ってください。「プログラム」中に使用許諾のバージョン番号の指定がない場合は、Free Software Foundation が公表したどのバージョンでも選択することができます。
【9】「プログラム」の一部を頒布条件の異なるほかのフリー・プログラムに組み込みたい場合は、その開発者に書面で許可を求めてください。Free Software Foundation が著作権を持っているソフトウェアについては、Free Software Foundation へ書面を提出してください。このような場合へ対応するために我々は例外的処理をすることもありますが、その判断基準となるのは、次の 2 つの目標の実現に合致するか否かという点です。即ち、1 つは我々のフリー・ソフトウェアの全ての派生物をフリーな状態に保つことであり、もう 1 つはソフトウェアの共有と再利用とを広く促進させることです。
【10】「プログラム」は無償で使用許諾されますので、適用法令の範囲内で、「プログラム」の保証は一切ありません。著作権者やその他の第三者は、書面によって異なる取り決めをした場合を除き、「プログラム」を「そのまま」の状態で、且つ、明示か暗黙であるかを問わず一切の保証をつけないで提供するものとします。ここでいう保証とは、市場性や特定目的適合性についての暗黙の保証も含まれますが、それに限定されるものではありません。「プログラム」の品質や性能に関する全てのリスクは「あなた」が負うものとします。「プログラム」に欠陥があるとわかった場合、それに伴う一切の派生費用や修理・訂正に要する費用は全て「あなた」の負担とします。
【11】適用法令の定め、または書面による合意がある場合を除き、著作権者や上記許諾を受けて「プログラム」の変更・再頒布を為し得る第三者は、「プログラム」を使用したこと、または使用できないことに起因する一切の損害について何らの責任も負いません。著作権者や前記の第三者が、そのような損害の発生する可能性について知らされていた場合でも同様です。なお、ここでいう損害には、通常損害、特別損害、偶発損害、間接損害が含まれます (データの消失、またはその正確さの喪失、「あなた」や第三者が被った損失、ほかのプログラムとのインタフェースの不適合化なども含まれますが、これに限定されるものではありません)。
あなたの新しいプログラムにこれらの条項を適用する方法
あなたが新しくプログラムを作成し、それを人間性に一番則った方法で活用したい場合は、プログラムをフリー・ソフトウェアにして、全ての人々が以上の各条項に従ってこれを再頒布や変更をすることができるようにするのが最良の方法です。
そうするためには、プログラムに以下の表示をしてください。その場合、無保証であるということを最も効果的に伝えるために、ソース・ファイルの冒頭にその全文を表示すれば最も安全ですが、その他の方法で表示する場合でも、「著作権表示」と全文を読み出す為のアドレスへのポインタだけはファイル上に表示しておいてください。
<プログラム名とどんな動作をするものかについての簡単な説明の行>
Copyright (c) 19○○年、著作権者名
本プログラムはフリー・ソフトウェアです。あなたは、Free Software Foundation が公表した GNU 一般公有使用許諾の「バージョン 1」あるいはそれ以降の各バージョンの中からいずれかを選択し、そのバージョンが定める条項に従って本プログラムを再頒布または変更することができます。
本プログラムは有用とは思いますが、頒布にあたっては、市場性及び特定目的適合性についての暗黙の保証を含めて、いかなる保証も行ないません。詳細については GNU 一般公有使用許諾書をお読みください。
あなたは、本プログラムと一緒に GNU 一般公有使用許諾書の写しを受け取っているはずです。そうでない場合は、Free Software Foundation, Inc. 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A へ手紙を書いてください。
また、ユーザが電子メールや書信であなたと連絡をとる方法についての情報も書き添えてください。
プログラムが対話的に動作する場合は、対話モードで起動した時に次のような短い告知文が表示されるようにしてください。
Gnomovision バージョン 69、Copyright (c) 19○○年、著作権者名
Gnomovision は完全に無保証です。詳細は 'show w' とタイプしてください。これはフリー・ソフトウェアなので、特定の条件の下でこれを再頒布することができます。詳細は 'show c' とタイプしてください。
上記の show w や show c は各々、一般公有使用許諾の関連する部分を表示するコマンドを指します。もちろん、あなたが使うこれらのコマンドは show w や show c といった呼び名でなくても構いません。更に、それらのコマンドはあなたのプログラムに合わせる為に、マウスでクリックしたりメニュー形式にしたりすることもできます。
また、必要と認めた場合には、あなたの雇い主 (あなたがプログラマとして働いている場合) や在籍する学校から、そのプログラムに対する「著作権放棄」を認めた署名入りの書面を入手してください。ここにその文例を載せます。名前は変えてください。
Yoyodyne, Inc. は、James Hacker が開発したプログラム Gnomovision(コンパイラを起動してアセンブラにつなげるプログラム) についての著作権法上の全ての権利を放棄する。
<TY COON の署名> ,1 April 1989
Ty Coon、副社長
これで手続きは終わりです !